Repairing Stuck & Broken Key Cap for Logitech MX Keyboard

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11 January 2022

"Sticking keys" is a common problem in some keyboards. The keys become not sensitive to the finger pressure last time,  causing missing characters while typing.   

The conventional wisdom is to remove the keycap of the key and take out the key hinge to clean them.   But this kind of repair will often break the very flimsy clips on the keycap. The recommendation is to replace the cap and maybe the key hinge.  But these keycaps are not easy to find.  They are also quite expensive.  

This article will not only introduce an easy way to clean the stuck key but also provide an alternate solution to fix the keycaps if they were broken.

The Components of the KeyPad

The keypad consists of the 3 components.   The first component is the base.  It is made of metal.   The second component is the keycap hinge which consists of 2 small plastic pieces; one of the pieces is pivoted and allowed to move freely and the other is a fixed piece that will be clipped onto the metal base.   The last component is the keycap.  It has very few flimsy and easily broken hooks and clips as shown in the following pictures.

Why the keys can get stuck?

The key hinge can get stuck at times due to a lack of lubrication.  This will prevent the keycap from moving up and down.  When this happens,  the keycap will no longer be sensitive to the finger pressure;  therefore,  users will experience a stuck key. Removing the keycap & key hinge will usually free the stuck key but soon,  the stuck key will reappear in the future.  

Knowing this to be the problem,  one could use some lubricants such as WD40  or an electronic switch cleaner to clean and lubricate the keys.  One can do this without having to remove the keycap and key hinge.  The electronic switch cleaner is a better choice because the fluid will evaporate quickly whereas WD40 will leave some oil behind the keyboard.

Why the KeyCap can be Broken?

Usually,  the keycap is broken by the wrong way of removing the keycap.  If one has the chance to open up a keycap and look at the back,  one will see this picture

For this Logitech MX keyboard,   the keycap has a pair of plastic clips at the top,  and a pair of hooks at the bottom.  Therefore,  one should always remove the keycap by prying open the keycap from the top right-hand and the left-hand corner.  One should never try to pry open the keycap from the bottom as this will break the hooks of the keycap.  After the clips at the top are free,   the keycap should be "slide" forward to unhook the keycap before removing it.  

The keycap clips at the top can be easily broken if one were to force-fit the keycap when it is not in the correct position.  To re-assemble back the keycap,   the correct way is to place the keycap such that the bottom hooks can be "slide" in first,  and when there is a feeling that the hooks are in the correct place, press the top part down,  one corner at a time.

  

Why the Key Hinge can be Broken?

As for the key hinge, one should always remove it from the top right-hand and left-hand clips.  Prying the hinge from the centre might break the hinge.

What to do when they were Broken?

One can search the web and buy them online but they are pretty expensive.  The pairs of the keycap and the hinge might cost around USD15/=. 

If the keycap clip is broken,  one can still use it by applying a small bit of strong rubber glue on the top of the moving hinge (as shown brown in the yellow moving hinge).  After that,  secure the keycap with adhesive tape until the glue is dry. Try not to apply too much glue as the spilling of the glue might glue up the moving hinge.  It is not wise to use "super glue" for the job as there might be a need to break the glue in future to do some repair underneath the keycap.

If the keycap hook at the bottom is broken, looks like the repair will need a replacement.  This is because the keycap is using the hook as a pivot for the up and down "floating" movement.  

However,  it might be worth the while to investigate if one can glue a hook made of copper wires and glue it onto the keycap as suggested by the following picture. One can also try to use the keycap with the missing hooks though the key might not be so sensitive as before.  

 

The Reports About Covid Death Rates in Singapore and Malaysia

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11 January 2022

There was a lot of discussions about which vaccine is better and why are they better.   There are generally 2 active discussion groups among the netizens of  Singapore and Malaysia.  These groups are divided among those who took Pfizer or Moderna,  the mRNA vaccine and the Sinovac or Sinopharm,  the inactivated vaccine.  

What are the differences?

Both brands are extensively used all over the World especially in Singapore and Malaysia.  The "mRNA" is using the newer technology whereas the "inactivated" is using the traditional method i.e. taking live viruses and killing them using chemicals, heat or radiation.  The "inactivated" has been proven to work in people in the past but the "mRNA" is said to have better protection power but it is a new technology that has not been proven except for the approval of various Authorities under the name of "emergency use".  

Because of this,  many anti-mRNA are not convinced that mRNA is a better vaccine.  They often tried to sell "inactivated vaccine" as a well-proven and safer vaccine with lesser side effects.  This is despite the many reports indicating all brands of the vaccine are more or less having similar side effects except some people were more allergic to mRNA for some reason.

What has been found today?

It is the death rate reports of those fully or partially vaccinated who have died recently.  Both Malaysia and Singapore Authorities have published details about the dead figures regularly but they seldom release anything about the death rates according to the brands of the vaccine.   Here is a summary of their recent reports.

Their reports show that Sinovac is a weaker vaccine in protecting people against death.   The best is offered by Moderna,  followed by AstraZeneca,  Pfizer,  Sinopharm and Sinovac in that order.

Limitations of the Reports

The Malaysian report was published in a Medical Journal called MedRvix whereas the Singapore report was a transcript of a speech delivered by the Singapore Health Minister, Mr Ong YK,  in the Parliament. 

The Malaysian report cited that there were no observation data for each vaccinated patient who died recently due to Covid.  There were also no data about the factors that caused the Covid-19 death.   As for the Singapore report,   most would like to read the detailed reports to be released by the Authority.

In Conclusion

The reports released by the Authorities must be for information purposes in order to satisfy the general public who have not been kept informed about the protection of vaccines against death.   

The Malaysian report has pointed out the limitations of their report and advised readers to pay more attention to the advantage of COVID-19 vaccination in reducing the risk of death rather than choosing which vaccine is better than the other.   It added that "regardless of the vaccine type, getting vaccinated is the best way to protect against the risk of COVID-19 death".

Update (20 March 2022)

Hong Kong released death figures for Covid cases. 5,437 deaths so far, out of which 5,167 or 70% unvaccinated. Among the remaining 1,486 or 30% vaccinated, 1,292 or 87% took Sinovac and 184 or 12% took N-Tech or Pfizer.

Double click picture to go to website

Attachments

a)  Video of Straits Times 

b)  The Straits Time News Report

c)  The Malaysian report in MedRvix

The Components Inside a DeskTop PC (Lesson 1)

8 January 2022

This article is prepared for those who want to learn how to assemble a personal computer. 

What are the Components inside the PC?

Inside a desktop PC,  one should find the following components

1)   Motherboard

The Motherboard is where the CPU is located and the CPU is the "brain" inside a PC.

The CPU is located beneath the CPU fan as shown in the following picture

Besides the CPU,   there are other supporting components to facilitate the communication between the CPU and Graphics card for example.   There are also other communication channels allowing the CPU to talk to other peripherals connected to the PC,  such as printers,  games controllers and monitors that are to be connected to the PC.

2)  Power Supply Unit

The CPU or the PC will not run unless there is power connected to it.  This is where the power supply unit is so important.   The power supply unit converts and steps down the 230 household supply into lower voltages so that the PC can run.   The following lower voltages are supplied by the Power Supply unit:-

a)  5 Volts

b)  -5 Volts

c)  +12 Volts

d)  -12 Volts

e)  +3  Volts

f)    -3 Volts

3)  Graphic Card

This is the card that converts the CPU's output signal into a video signal so that the CPU output can be displayed on the monitor.   There is various type of connection for various kind of monitors;  some have display resolution better than the others.

For example,  this graphic card will convert the CPU output signals directly into a monitor that has a display port.  It has also an HDMI & a DVI connector.    It does not have the usual VGI connector because this is a high-resolution card that will display higher resolution graphics for computer games.

4)  Internal Drives

PC will need devices to store all the programs and the operating system (OS) that controls the CPU and other components inside the PC.   This is the function of the internal drives inside the PC.

The internal drive might consist of the following devices

a)  DVD Rom Drive: -  This device allows DVD discs to be read and written by the PC;

b)  SSD Drive:   This device,  consists of computer memory cards that do not have any moving parts.  It is commonly called Solid State Drive.

 

c)  Hard Drive:-  This device has magnetic discs inside that will spin at a very high speed so that information can be stored inside it for the PC to read and write on it.   Besides the spinning disc which is different from an SSD drive,  it has huge storage memories allowing thousand of gigabyte memory to be stored at a cheaper cost,

To be continued.....    

The Holographic Technology Used on the Stage

6 January 2022

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1) Update : 8 January 2022  Which Video Show is more impressive?

Jiangsu Satellite TV held a New Year's Eve Concert on eve of 31 December 2021.   It is a concert where a renowned Chinese Singer called Zhou Shen (周深) sang a song together with Teresa Deng Li Jun (邓丽君) on the stage. Deng Li Jun is a famous Taiwanese Singer who passed away on  8 May 1995 in Chiang Mai, Thailand.  

How Do They Do it?

There were no exact details on how they did it;  but,  it is believed they make use of illusion techniques that have been used extensively on the stage.    A simple example is illustrated as follows.

This technique will enable the audiences or viewers to enjoy the 3D photography display without the need of wearing any glasses or gear.

Illusion Technique?

It is a sort of technique to "trick" one's brain so as to see a 3D object as if the object is floating in the air.   Many referred to this as Holographic technology. It is a technique that has been used a centennial ago by a man called  John Henry Pepper who in 1826 came up with a set-up that could show 3D images on the stage.  This technique is now called "Pepper's Ghost"

Today,  this technique is still being used but the illusion effect is much better because of better image processing and projection technologies.  But,  there is one thing that has never changed since Pepper's day in 1826;  that is the use of a projection screen on the stage. What has been changed is the direction of the screen decline and the way to project the image.

The Way of Projection

In the past,  most theatres used declining screens at a 45-degree angle just like what Pepper has used in the last centennial.   Today,  the screen is likely to be vertical for better aesthetic and arrangement.   One screen maker has this illustration on how to locate the projector and the screen.

Isn't Pepper's Ghost a Holographic Technology?

For some reason,   many theatres called Pepper's Ghost stage a holographic stage.   That is just a promotional gimmick to attract more audiences.  There is nothing holographic about Pepper's Ghost stage setup.

Today, real holographic technology is still in the development stage.   It has not been fully commercialised for stage application.  This is mainly because of the limitations in laser and computerisation technology.  The complicated and expensive setup makes it difficult to give a realistic performance on the stage.

What other 3D Techniques are available for Stage?

There is still no other 3D display techniques available today for stage performance if one does not expect the audiences to wear some glasses and gear.   However,  some theatres have used augmented virtual reality techniques;  one example is this performance by Teresa Deng Li Jun (邓丽君) in 2017 where she performed in front and at close distance to the audience,  It is believed that the theatre is using augmented virtual reality rather than the normal pepper's ghost technique.

What is Augmented Virtual Reality?

This is one new technology that makes use of photographic equipment like a handphone to superimpose 2 objects from different locations so that the videos or pictures taken appears to be having the two objects co-existing in one location.  Take the following picture for example,  the polar bear and the members of the family in the picture are seen to be on an iceberg.  Actually,  the picture of the iceberg and the polar bear was taken separately from another location.  The pictures are then superimposed together by photographic equipment and projected onto a large screen to show that the family and the polar bear are together on the iceberg.

BroadcastAR Augmented Reality for National Geographic Channel / UPC from INDE on Vimeo.

The Summary

This youtube video sums up what has been discussed in this article

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Update: 8 January 2022

Which Youtube video show is more impressive?

How to use McClellan Summation Index to improve your stock trading skills?

Other Relevant Articles

The Danger of Margin Trades

27 December 2021

Investopedia said McClellan Summation Index (MCSI) is a long-term version of the McClellan Oscillator, which is a market breadth indicator based on stock advances and declines.  But what does that really mean to a layman or a beginner in stock trading?

Some said the stock has speed and momentum.  It may be easier for a layman to understand if we were to imagine MCSI or McClellan Oscillator is measuring the momentum of a stock.  Therefore,  if the stock momentum is strong,  the stock prices can go very far;  if not,  it will stop moving forward and might even fall soon after.  This article will discuss how we could use this MCSI index to understand the stock movement in the market.

What is the use of MCSI? 

Simply said,  MCSI is just a tool often used by Technical Analysts to predict the stock movements in the market. The stock market always consists of many different kinds of stocks and many different types of players.  About 80% of the players are just small players;  only the rest of the 20% are the big players.  But,  this 20% will always be the ones that move the market. In other words,  using MCSI,  one can roughly tell if the big players are involved and if the market indexes will be going up or going down.

What is this MCSI?

For those who are interested in the details, etc,  please visit Investopedia.  Meanwhile,  we only need to know that they use the numbers of stocks moving up and moving down to work out the MCSI.  The MCSI will "jump" when there is lots of stock moving up in the day and vice versa.

How Does it Work?

The following example shows the MCSI for DOW plotting in parallel to S&P.   The MCSI is shown in the red/blue line with the scale on the right.  The S&P is shown in blue line with the scale on the left

The chart might be seen to be a bit confusing and intimidating but there are only 7 interesting points that one would need to know.  They are marked as shown in the chart. 

a)  Point 1

This shows that the S&P index was moving in line with MCSI.   Most likely the big players were in the market pushing up the S&P index.

b)  Point 2

The S&P was still moving up but many big players had decided to quit after seeing the market had started to lose momentum. Technical Analysts will say they see a "divergence" between the MCSI and the S&P. 

c)  Point 3

The S&P hit a minor bottom and the big players resumed their plays with MCSI going above the last high.  The buyup momentum was quite big and aroused many smaller players to join and continue to push the market up even though the big player had left the market.

d)  Point 4

This last push to another high is obviously going without the help of the big players as there is no momentum at all in the buying up.

e)  Point 5

Point 3 is repeated here.  One could see some big players joined in at one stage when the market hit the bottom.  But they decided to quit soon after,  leaving the market to the smaller players again,  propping up the market.

f)  Point 6

The market has hit the major bottom. 

g)  Point 7

The market has hit the major top.

How to tell stock movement in 2022?

The stock movement is obviously badly hit by the Covid-19 Pandemic.  Covid-19 has caused the market to slump in early 2020. The MCSI stopped short at around 1,000;  thereafter,  the market has an even play with S$P going up in line with MCSI.   The big players then left the market around April 21,  leaving the smaller ones pushing up the market.  Again,  we see a "divergence" between the MCSI and the S&P.   We are now expecting to see bearish market moves in the coming days or weeks.

However,  we might be disappointed this time to expect a crash in the market because MCSI has never been pushed into the major top region or above 1,400.  One can therefore envisage that the big players might need a little more time to accumulate enough "bullets'  to "send" the market to another major bottom.   

Disclaimer:  This article is for information and educational purposes.   Readers are advised to conduct their own research and study to make their own investment decisions.

What is the unemployment rate in China?

25 December 2021

Video Summary

Before 2018,   China was having an almost full employment rate.  The unemployment rate was under 4%.  Then came U.S. President DonaldTrump,  slamming tariffs and other trade barriers on China in 2018 sending China's unemployment rate to 5% or more.   The rate came down to about 5% after Biden took over the office in January 2021.  

What the Critics Said?

The Critics are expecting more unemployment.  They were of the view that China has under-estimated joblessness.   They said China had not counted adequately the "149 million self-employed business owners and nearly 300 million migrant workers, who regularly travel from their rural hometowns to find employment in urban areas".  This 500 million is about 75% of the Chinese total workforce of about 800 million people.  The economists were claiming "The downward pressure on China’s economy has increased significantly, and the employment situation has continued to deteriorate,”   But how bad is the actual unemployment?.  

How Bad?

It is believed that nobody can really tell for sure. The official media has propagated about a very good outlook and a very promising future for the Chinese people.  It is as if unemployment is always challenging but never a problem in China.  For example,  this propaganda claimed that the 2021 employment is steady and inching better with many targets completed.

The Xinhua News Agent,  the official newspaper claimed that Shanghai has only 144,000 unemployment for the 1st 9 months.  They intend to make Shanghai have an unemployment rate lower than the national figure of 5.5%.  

How we could verify?

SCMP in that article questioning China's unemployment rate has given a hint.  It said China has a Social Security Regulation (SSR),  requiring employers to make contributions to the insurance schemes for each and every employee. And the Human Resources and Social Security Bureau (HRSSB) (人力资源和社会保障局) will always keep a registry and payout unemployment insurance to the worker.   Therefore,  it is possible to roughly gauge and judge the unemployment rate for each and every city where one can find such reports. 

For example, Shanghai's HRSSB has  this annual report for 2020

The report claimed that for the 1st quarter (1季度）2021,  there were about  472,500 jobless claims.   The projection based on this figure for the whole of 2021 will be roughly about 1.80 million jobless claims.   

According to Xinhua News,   Shanghai has an active workforce of around 11 million,  this 1.08 million is about 1.8/11=16.4%.  In other words,  Shanghai could have much more than 18% unemployment in 2021 if we take into accounts the following:

1.  Not many are keen to claim insurance unless they have no choice.  This is because most Chinese would not like to have a record in the Bureau.  It will make them difficult to find a good job in the future;

2.  Many employers in the private sector tried to avoid paying the high insurance contribution whenever they can;

3.  Most Chinese are afraid to claim insurance for fear of losing their "face".   

What is so Alarming?

Shanghai's 1st quarter report of jobless claim numbers turned out to be 472,500 which is 157,000 or 50% more than the whole year of 2020.  The report has gone viral has attracted an outcry among the netizens.  

But the authorities were muted about the outcry.  They made no clarification except to announce much lower jobless claim numbers in the 2nd (98,000) and 3rd quarters (184,500) as shown in the following graph.  The 2nd and 3rd quarter figure brought the jobless claim figure to about 650,000 for the last 3 quarters. 

The 4th and final quarterly report is not due until early 2022.   If the jobless figure is about the same as the 3rd quarter of 2021,  it will bring down the earlier estimated unemployment rate from 16% to roughly about 7.5%.  But this 7.5% is still far higher than those figures reported by the official newspapers.

Conclusion

To understand the statistics and the economic figure better,  one would often have to find other means and not rely only on those reported in the official media.  The official bad figures are often downplayed by the  Politicians.  

Although jobless claims can be used to estimate the unemployment rate,   it might not give any meaningful result if there is manipulation made purposely to lower the number of claims.  

Attachment:

1.  Shanghai Human Resources and Social Security Bureau (HRSSB) (人力资源和社会保障局) 1st Quarter Report 2021

2.  Shanghai Human Resources and Social Security Bureau (HRSSB) (人力资源和社会保障局) 2nd Quarter Report 2021

3.  Shanghai Human Resources and Social Security Bureau (HRSSB) (人力资源和社会保障局) 1st-3rd Quarter Report 2021

How Expensive is Singapore's Electricity Price?

25 December 2021

Singapore has deregulated its electricity market.  Its people are buying electricity from the electricity market.  The price will vary according to the electricity plans chosen;  however,  most plans will centre around and be slightly lower than the regulated price.  The defaulted power supply retailer is SP Group.     

Singapore's regulated rate will change once every 3 months or quarterly.   It is worked out based on the past market price using a complex formula which not many people cannot understand.  Here is  a chart from SP Group indicating the prices for various quarters since 2020

How is it compared to other countries?

1)  Among the popular countries

 

Source:  Cable.co.uk

2)  Among Most Expensive Countries

3)  Among the ASEAN Countries

4)  Among Most Popular Countries

Other Related Articles

1.  Why the Electricity Prices & WholeSale Electricity Rates are so high?

What are the Causes of Present Inflation?

23 December 2021

According to a study done by Dennis Bonam,  a Scientist from Netherland,   there was never a case of inflation caused by any kind of Pandemic for the past 700 years since the year 1313.  Most past pandemics always occurred just after the rise of the inflation hike as shown red in the attached map

In the attempt to explain the present inflation which occurred recently,   the Scientist said the present inflation could have been caused by the changes in the fiscal and monetary policies implemented by various countries to prop up their economies.  

Where are the Evidences?

The following chart clearly shows that the Netherland Scientist is not wrong because the monetary policy in the US has made an obvious  "jump" in the US's M2 money supply.  This money that has flowed into the community is suspected to have caused the present inflation in the US and to some extent, the EU areas.  

What are the Areas causing the inflation?

The Analysts in Investopedia have singled out 2 areas i.e Energy & Food.  Investopedia said the US motorists are paying 6.1% more at the gas pump in October and fuel oil prices soaring 12.3%.  The energy rise could drive up transport costs and this would in terms cause the food price to go up in the US.   

But the EU people are not as lucky,  their natural price rose 5 times in the last 6 months as shown in the following chart.  

This rise in natural gas has caused their electricity price to go at about the same proportion because most of their power generation uses natural gas.   The Asian regions are not spared.  This is because the Asians are getting the natural supply from the same sources as the Europeans.

One can therefore say that the inflation in the US might be "sparked" by the pandemic but one cannot say exactly the same for the EU and the Asian regions.  The monetary tapering and interest rate cutting might have a lesser effect on them.

What causes the Natural Gas to surge? 

Russia, one of Europe's biggest natural gas providers, has been accused of intentionally withholding supplies. But President Putin of Russia has denied Russia being the cause.  He blamed the European countries for not doing their homework to increase their storage capacity. 

So far,  no one has discussed China being responsible although China has banned the import of Australian coal in October 2020.  They are now drawing much more natural gas supply from Russian and the US.  Today, they are the largest importer of natural gas in the World.  

This article has deliberated quite a lot about how and who could be responsible for the demand and supply problem in the European areas.

In Conclusion

The present pandemic could have "sparked" the inflation in the US causing the energy and food prices to rise;  however,  one could not say the same for the cause of inflation in the EU and Asian regions.  It is envisaged that this inflation problem happening in EU and Asian regions will not be get resolved unless some countries like China can reduce their demands or Russia and the US can increase the supply of natural gas.